Harmonization of brain PET images in multi-center PET studies using Hoffman phantom scan

EJNMMI Physics

Table 2 Estimated effective image resolution and post-smoothing harmonization kernel for each reconstruction setting implemented across AMYPAD sites

R-ID	Reconstruction setting				Post-smoothing filter	Effective image resolution	Harmonization kernel
R-ID	Algorithm	TOF	PSF	I × S	FWHM (mm)	FWHM (mm)	FWHM (mm)
1	OSEM	No	No	102	All-pass	5.40	6.30
2	OSEM	No	No	102	All-pass	5.00	6.10
3	OSEM	No	No	96	All-pass	5.50	6.80
4	OSEM	No	No	102	All-pass	4.60	6.00
5	OSEM	No	No	72	All-pass	5.50	5.20
6	OSEM	No	No	180	All-pass	4.00	6.30
7	OSEM	No	No	180	4.50	6.50	4.50
8	LOR-RAMLA	Yes	No	63	All-pass	4.40	6.60
9	BLOB-OS-TF	Yes	No	99	–	5.00	6.30
10	LOR-RAMLA	No	No	8	–	6.10	5.00
11	LOR-RAMLA	Yes	No	99	All-pass	7.30	2.00
12	OSEM	No	No	96	All-pass	3.70	7.10
13	OSEM	No	No	84	All-pass	4.80	6.40
14	OSEM	No	No	96	All-pass	4.30	6.50
15	OSEM	No	No	64	All-pass	4.70	6.20
16	OSEM	No	No	96	All-pass	5.10	5.80
17	OSEM	No	No	64	All-pass	6.60	4.60
18	OSEM	No	No	96	All-pass	5.90	6.10
19	OSEM	No	No	96	All-pass	4.80	6.60
20	OSEM	No	No	96	All-pass	4.70	5.40
21	OSEM	No	No	96	All-pass	4.30	6.80
22	OSEM	No	No	96	All-pass	4.30	6.40
23	OSEM	No	No	96	All-pass	5.20	6.20
24	OSEM	Yes	Yes	168	3.00	3.20	9.20
25	OSEM	No	No	84	All-pass	5.90	6.00
26	OSEM	No	No	84	4.50	8.10	–
27	OSEM	No	No	96	All-pass	3.80	7.10
28	OSEM	No	No	64	All-pass	7.30	3.50
29	OSEM	Yes	No	96	All-pass	5.80	6.00
30	OSEM	Yes	No	48	All-pass	6.40	5.10
31	OSEM	No	No	84	All-pass	4.40	6.70

R-ID reconstruction ID, I × S iterations × subsets, OSEM ordered subset expectation maximization, TOF time of flight, PSF point spread function modeling, BLOB-OS spherically symmetric basis function ordered subset algorithm, RAMLA row action maximum likelihood algorithm