Table 4 Summary of ⁹⁰Y dosimetric phantom and patient studies

Minarik et al. [111, 112]

Physical phantom

Activity error for liver and 113 mL sphere < 11%

Patient study (¹¹¹In and ⁹⁰Y Zevalin)

Comparison to absorbed doses from quantitative ¹¹¹In SPECT/CT (3 patients)

Liver, spleen, kidneys within 30%

Lungs within 66%

Elschot et al. [113]

Patient study (⁹⁰Y microspheres). Physical phantom

Comparison to absorbed doses from ⁹⁰Y PET/CT (5 patients): ROIs in liver within approximately 15–20%. ROIs in six-sphere phantom within approximately 5% (mean of all spheres). N.B. Data estimated from diagram

Rong et al. [114, 115]

Phantoms, physical and simulated for ⁹⁰Y Zevalin

Physical phantom: activity error for 3 hot spheres in warm background < 10%.

XCAT MC study: activity error < approximately 12% for spleen, liver, kidneys, heart and lungs

Dewaraja et al. [116]

Physical phantom

Activity error for 3 hot spheres (or similar) in warm background < 15%, liver and lung < 4%