Table 2 Summary of publications/accomplishments in fully automated-data driven gating
Year | Author | Journal/conference | Title | Summary | Attenuation correction | Computer to hardware | Number of patient scans | Studied radiotracers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2001 | Klein et al. [19] | IEEE workshop | Fine-scale motion detection using intrinsic list mode PET information | Introduction of axial DD center-of-mass strategy for respiratory motion characterization in cardiac imaging | Yes | Yes | 12 | FDG |
2003 | Schleyer et. al. [20] | US patent | Data driven motion correction for nuclear imaging | Introduction of DD masking strategy for respiratory gating in NM imaging | No | No | - | - |
2007 | Kesner et. al. [21] | SNM annual conference | Respiratory gated PET based on time activity curve analysis | Introduction of DD sinogram voxel fluctuation method | No | No | Sim | FDG |
2008 | He et. al. [22] | IEEE TNS | A novel method for respiratory motion gated with geometric sensitivity of the scanner in 3D PET | Introduction of DD geometric sensitivity method | Yes | No | 1 + sim | FDG |
2009 | Schleyer et. al. [23] | PMB | Retrospective data-driven respiratory gating for PET/CT | Introduction of "spectral analysis" approach to optimal signal acquisition | Yes | Yes | 4 | FDG |
2009 | Kesner et. al. [24] | IEEE TNS | Respiratory gated PET derived in a fully automated manner from raw PET data | Introduction of "image voxel fluctuation" approach to optimal signal acquisition | No | Yes | 24 | FDG |
2009 | Büther et al. [25] | JNM | List mode-driven cardiac and respiratory gating in PET | Comparison of multiple methods for hardware- and data-driven gating, also cardiac gating | No | Yes | 29 | FDG |
2010 | Büther et. al. [15] | EJNMMI | Detection of respiratory tumor motion using intrinsic list mode-driven gating in positron emission tomography | Extended GSG method, compared multiple methods for gating | Yes | Yes | 34 | FDG |
2010 | Kesner et. al. [26] | Medical Physics | A new fast and fully automated software based algorithm for extracting respiratory signal from raw PET data and its comparison to other methods | Introduced ultra-fast processing, compared multiple methods for gating | No | Yes | 22 | FDG |
2011 | Schleyer et. al. [16] | PMB | Extension of a data-driven gating technique to 3D, whole body PET studies | Extended spectral analysis DD gating method to 3D WB PET | Yes | Yes | 11 | FDG |
2011 | Thielemans et. al. [27] | IEEE NSS-MIC | Device-less gating for PET/CT using PCA | Use of PCA to extract respiratory signal from raw PET and CT | No | Yes | 6 | FDG, FLT |
2013 | Büther et. al. [28] | EJNMMI | External radioactive markers for PET data-driven respiratory gating in positron emission tomography | Compared multiple methods and reexamined data driven gating utilizing external markers | Yes | Yes | 30 | FDG |
2013 | Kesner et. al. [18] | EJNMMI research | Gating, enhanced gating, and beyond: information utilization strategies for motion management, applied to preclinical PET | Extended fast DD motion control methods to preclinical PET, multiple radiotracers, large subject population | No | Yes | 84 (rats) | FDG, DMDPA, NH3, choline, NaF, FEDPMA, ML10 |
2013 | Schleyer et. al. [29] | IEEE NSS-MIC 2013 | Extracting a respiratory signal from raw dynamic PET data that contain tracer kinetics | Extended data-driven gating to dynamic PET/tracer kinetics | No | Yes | 53 | NH3 |