Fig. 3

The phantom volumes analysed from the gated CT data. The largest and smallest volume values were used to calculate the EF. All the shown 21 phase volumes obtained from the gated CT scans were analysed as an additional verification of the phantom and CT analysis method: the expected sinusoidal-like curves were produced for all the settings. The values include the innermost water volume and the phantom membrane surrounding it as shown in Fig. 2b, c