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Table 2 Overview of qualitative image analysis and inter-observer agreement

From: Metal artifact reduction in patients with dental implants using multispectral three-dimensional data acquisition for hybrid PET/MRI

 

Reader 1

Reader 2

Kappa ( κ )

Agreement

LAVA-Flex

    

 Distinction of anatomy

3.8 ± 0.7

3.6 ± 0.8

0.75

Good

 Blurring

4.0 ± 0.7

4.0 ± 0.7

0.93

Excellent

 Noise

3.8 ± 0.5

3.7 ± 0.6

0.54

Moderate

T1-FSE

    

 Distinction of anatomy

1.8 ± 0.8

2.1 ± 0.8

0.58

Moderate

 Blurring

2.6 ± 0.7

2.8 ± 0.8

0.69

Good

 Noise

1.6 ± 0.8

1.5 ± 0.8

0.63

Good

MAVRIC

    

 Distinction of anatomy

1.9 ± 0.6

1.8 ± 0.6

0.85

Excellent

 Blurring

1.4 ± 0.6

1.4 ± 0.6

0.83

Excellent

 Noise

2.1 ± 0.5

2.0 ± 0.4

0.89

Excellent

MAVRIC-fast

    

 Distinction of anatomy

1.8 ± 0.4

1.6 ± 0.5

0.72

Good

 Blurring

1.4 ± 0.6

1.4 ± 0.6

0.91

Excellent

 Noise

2.2 ± 0.5

2.4 ± 0.6

0.76

Good

  1. Qualitative image assessment was done by two readers using a five-point scale from 1 (good depiction/no artifacts) to 5 (not assessable/non-diagnostic). Data are mean ± standard deviation. Agreement rating: κ = 0 no agreement; 0.01 to 0.2 slight agreement; 0.21 to 0.40 fair agreement; 0.41 to 0.60 moderate agreement; 0.61 to 0.80 good agreement; and 0.81 to 1 excellent agreement.