Target | Method | Contrast/mechanism | Preparation | Acquisition timea | Resolutionb | Field strength | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body tumors | Hydroxyl CEST | d-Glucose/glucose concentration | 6Â h fasting (for control) | N/A (preclinical) | N/A (preclinical) | 9.4Â T | Human studies |
FDG PET | [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose/glucose metabolism ~350 MBq | 4 h fasting 60 min uptake | ~2 min/bed | ~4 × 4 × 5 mm3 | N/A | Clinical use | |
Choline PET | [18F]Fluorocholine/cell membrane synthesis ~200 MBq | 24 h diet 6 h fasting 2 min uptake | ~2 min/bed 2 passes | ~4 × 4 × 5 mm3 | N/A | Clinical use | |
PSMA PET | [68Ga]PSMA/prostate-specific membrane antigen ~150 MBq | 60 min uptake | ~4 min/bed | ~4 × 4 × 5 mm3 | N/A | Human studies | |
DOTATATE PET DOTATOC PET DOTANOC PET | [68Ga]DOTA-conjugated peptides/somatostatin receptors ~150 MBq | 60 min uptake | ~2 min/bed | ~4 × 4 × 5 mm3 | N/A | Human studies | |
FMISO PET | [18F]Fluoromisonidazole/macromolecules, hypoxia ~400 MBq | 90 min uptake | ~10 min/bed | ~4 × 4 × 5 mm3 | N/A | Human studies | |
Brain tumors | Amide CEST | None/protein concentration | Not needed | ~40 s/slice | ~2.2 × 2.2 × 4.4 mm3 | 3 T | Human studies |
Amine CEST | None/pH | Not needed | ~1 min/slice | ~2.3 × 2.3 × 6.0 mm3 | 3 T | Human studies | |
FET PET | [18F]Fluoroethyltyrosine/amino acid ~130 MBq | 4 h fasting 20 min uptake | ~20 min dynamic | ~4 × 4 × 5 mm3 | N/A | Clinical use | |
FLT PET | [18F]Fluorothymidine/DNA synthesis, proliferation ~250 MBq | 45 min uptake | ~60 min dynamic | ~4 × 4 × 5 mm3 | N/A | Human studies | |
FDOPA PET | [18F]Fluoro-L-DOPA/dopamine receptors ~300 MBq | 15 min uptake | ~30 min dynamic | ~4 × 4 × 5 mm3 | N/A | Human studies | |
FMISO PET | [18F]Fluoromisonidazole/macromolecules, hypoxia ~400 MBq | 90 min uptake | ~10 min | ~4 × 4 × 5 mm3 | N/A | Human studies | |
Stroke | Amide CEST | None/pH | Not needed | ~13 s/slice | 2.5 × 2.5 × 5.0 mm3 | 3 T | Human studies |
H2O/O2/CO PET | H2[15O]-O, [15O]-O2, C[15O]O/cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption, blood volume (combined: oxygen extraction fraction) ~500 MBq | Not needed | ~3 min dynamic | ~4 × 4 × 5 mm3 | N/A | Human studies | |
NH3 PET | [13N]Ammonia/cerebral blood flow ~150 MBq | Not needed | ~10 min dynamic | ~4 × 4 × 5 mm3 | N/A | Human studies | |
FMISO PET | [18F]Fluoromisonidazole/macromolecules, hypoxia ~400 MBq | 90 min uptake | ~10 min | ~4 × 4 × 5 mm3 | N/A | Human studies | |
Neurological state | Amine CEST | None/glutamate concentration | Not needed | ~10 min/slice | ~1 × 1 × 5 mm3 | 7 T | Human studies |
Hydroxyl CEST | None/myo-inositol concentration Proposed marker of glial function/density | Not needed | N/A (preclinical) | N/A (preclinical) | 9.4Â T | Animal studies | |
mGluR5 PET | [11C]-ABP, [18F]-PSS232/mGluR5 receptor density ~250 MBq | Not needed | ~2 min/bed dynamic | ~4 × 4 × 5 mm3 | N/A | Human studies | |
FDOPA PET | [18F]Fluoro-L-DOPA/dopamine receptors ~300 MBq | 15 min uptake | ~30 min dynamic | ~4 × 4 × 5 mm3 | N/A | Human studies | |
Raclopride PET | [11C]Raclopride/dopamine receptors ~350 MBq | Not needed | ~60 min dynamic | ~4 × 4 × 5 mm3 | N/A | Human studies | |
FDG PET | [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose/glucose metabolism ~350 MBq | 4 h fasting 60 min uptake | ~2 min/bed | ~4 × 4 × 5 mm3 | N/A | Clinical use | |
Neurotransmitter transporter PET | Various/dopamine transporter, serotonin transporter | Various | Various | N/A | N/A | Animal studies | |
SV2A PET | [18F]UCB-H, [11C]LEV/synaptic vesicle protein 2A (proposed marker of synaptic density) | Various | Various | N/A | N/A | Animal studies | |
Energetics | Amine CEST | None/creatine concentration | Not needed | ~48 s/slice | ~1 × 1 × 4 mm3 | 7 T | Human studies |
FDG PET | [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose/glucose metabolism ~350 MBq | 4 h fasting 60 min uptake | ~2 min/bed | ~4 × 4 × 5 mm3 | N/A | Clinical use | |
Cartilage | Hydroxyl CEST | None/GAG concentration | Not needed | ~30 s/slice | ~0.7 × 0.7 × 3.0 mm3 | 7 T | Human studies |
FDG PET | [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose/glucose metabolism ~350 MBq | 4 h fasting 60 min uptake | ~2 min/bed | ~4 × 4 × 5 mm3 | N/A | Clinical use |